{"id":4937,"date":"2021-04-05T11:21:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T10:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thekitson.org\/?p=4937"},"modified":"2021-04-22T16:48:15","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T15:48:15","slug":"white-paper-la-crise-sahelienne-quadrature-du-cercle-30-03-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thekitson.org\/en\/white-paper-la-crise-sahelienne-quadrature-du-cercle-30-03-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"White Paper  : La Crise Sah\u00e9lienne Quadrature du Cercle\u00a0?\u00a0 30\/03\/2021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kkwf182f-24445e8dd72ae289d1ebf6b06a615933\">\n.avia-section.av-kkwf182f-24445e8dd72ae289d1ebf6b06a615933{\nbackground-color:#161616;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-kkwf182f-24445e8dd72ae289d1ebf6b06a615933 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll  container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4937'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-knt241e8-5a44b2ff19673c3311762f15b2534325\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-knt241e8-5a44b2ff19673c3311762f15b2534325{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-knt241e8-5a44b2ff19673c3311762f15b2534325 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-knt241e8-5a44b2ff19673c3311762f15b2534325 av-special-heading-h3 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >White Paper: 30\/03\/2021<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4937'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-knt24trd-ed102ef46818053bea06ec049cb4e15d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-knt24trd-ed102ef46818053bea06ec049cb4e15d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\nfont-size:40px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-knt24trd-ed102ef46818053bea06ec049cb4e15d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-knt24trd-ed102ef46818053bea06ec049cb4e15d av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >La Crise Sah\u00e9lienne Quadrature du Cercle ?<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below '><p>With General Didier Castres &amp;<br \/>\nAhmedou Ould-Abdallah<br \/>\n(moderator: General Dominique Trinquand)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kkwnna65-b33a065c7c9cb006b245fc9e071a7017\">\n#top .hr.av-kkwnna65-b33a065c7c9cb006b245fc9e071a7017{\nmargin-top:25px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-kkwnna65-b33a065c7c9cb006b245fc9e071a7017 .hr-inner{\nwidth:50px;\nborder-color:#191919;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kkwnna65-b33a065c7c9cb006b245fc9e071a7017 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no '><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The Sahelian crisis is above all a Malian crisis. The intervention of external actors complicates the situation, and the main axes allowing an appeasement of the region and a resolution of the chronic problems it is currently facing must be the object of all actors, but especially of Mali itself.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-24037787653d46d621b1dc3238c5a309\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-24037787653d46d621b1dc3238c5a309{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-24037787653d46d621b1dc3238c5a309 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A Regional but Fundamentally Malian Crisis<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Presenting itself in the form of a regional crisis, the \u201cSahel crisis\u201d is in reality an essentially Malian crisis. Indeed, the struggle between the northern and southern part of the country began in the first half of the 1960s, less than a decade after its independence. Mali, in addition to being weakened by internal conflicts, is also victim of the repercussions of crises coming from abroad. Whether it is Algeria, (1991-2002) or a more distant country such as Libya (2011).<\/p>\n<p>While difficulties can be regional, affecting the entire Sahel region, such as the demographic crisis in Mali, the problem of governance is one of the main causes of recurrent unrest. The chronic inability to integrate the population as well as the mismanagement of resources, are some of the causes of the government\u2019s vulnerability to radical and separatist sentiments. In addition, the lack of employment, education and large infrastructure projects seeking to create wealth is a negative factor, increasing the creation of the aforementioned sentiments.<\/p>\n<p>The endemic corruption in Mali continues to fuel the discontent of its people and gives rise to tribal and regional antagonism. However, the consequences of corruption are broader. The country is a regional and global platform for numerous traffics such as that of drugs, human beings and gold, the latter of which has recently experienced great development. These factors make Mali a country under high tension, presenting problems long rooted at the national level, and indicate that Mali is the epicenter of this regional crisis.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-03c9b331ac167cf79a7e725ae94cd163\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-03c9b331ac167cf79a7e725ae94cd163{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-03c9b331ac167cf79a7e725ae94cd163 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The Intervention of the International Community, a Squaring of the Circle? <\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The intervention of French forces on Malian territory, which was followed by the support of member countries of AFISMA (African-led International Support Mission to Mali) and other civilian, military, local and international actors, made it possible to prevent the capture of Bamako by separatist and jihadist rebels. However, participants have to face contradictions that are just as equally challenges preventing the resolution of this crisis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The problem of strengthening the country\u2019s security measures<\/strong>. While material and financial support to improve security forces is necessary, these efforts are costly and often ineffective, as in Syria and Iraq. Strengthening state structures, although less obvious and indirect, could be a better alternative.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The conflict between the right to intervene and the right of self-determination. <\/strong>Although the present foreign forces form the backbone upon which the Malian government rests, these forces contribute in the long term to the erosion of the legitimacy of the Malian government. The continued presence of these forces generates tensions with the local population desiring to fulfill its right to self-determination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The inconsideration of the concordance of times.<\/strong>The many actors involved in this crisis do not have the same tempo. The various military, diplomatic, developmental and social processes carried out in Mali require long-term operations, conflicting with the impatience often associated with politics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The need to transition from a military to a more comprehensive strategy.<\/strong>The situation in Mali requires the implantation of a strategy aimed at eliminating all of the factors that have led to and fueled the crisis. There is an over-tendency to observe these events solely through a military prism and in this specific case, a French prism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-3193407b4557c406995382d26f7e628e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-3193407b4557c406995382d26f7e628e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-3193407b4557c406995382d26f7e628e av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A Risk of a Stalemate, a Need for Haste<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>More than eight years have passed since the arrival of French forces, and the solutions devised at the time are now facing a paradigm shift. The failure of the government after the Malian elections of 2013 and the duration of operations requiring the presence of foreign troops, especially French, are seen in the eyes of the local population as an inability to solve the crisis. There is therefore a need to offer rapid and effective solutions, allowing the departure of foreign forces in order to avoid any form of stagnation and antagonism with the Malian population. The next Malian elections seem to be the focal point around which proposals can be put forward:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring the continuation of the transitional government pending the 2022 election. This will require a consensus with the current government and support of the military and civilian elements, despite numerous bureaucratic and security constraints.<\/li>\n<li>Guaranteeing the legitimacy and transparency of the census that must be put in place in order to have legitimate elections. This should lead to institutional reforms that in turn should lead to social change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-b83489e15c085965201ffbf7da1836d0\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-b83489e15c085965201ffbf7da1836d0{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-b83489e15c085965201ffbf7da1836d0 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Towards a Hybridization of the Conflict<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border'><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The crisis in Mali, by its duration, has seen the emergence of several major developments from a conflictual, technological and societal point of view. The front-line logic, which has profoundly characterised the conflicts of the past, has eroded and created an entirely new dimension.<\/p>\n<p>Increased access to the internet, media tools and other social networks are creating new challenges to which governments partaking in the crisis must face. Indeed, the spread of false rumours negatively describing the foreign soldiers and certain elements of the Malian government is one of the causes resulting in the worsening of the crisis.<\/p>\n<p>France\u2019s role is singular. Indeed, unlike most European countries, it must show the international community that the Sahelian crisis presents not only a real legitimate collective security concern for the region, but also more global issues concerning the economic, demographic and migratory spheres.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-white-paper"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>White Paper : La Crise Sah\u00e9lienne Quadrature du Cercle\u00a0?\u00a0 30\/03\/2021 - The KitSon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thekitson.org\/en\/white-paper-la-crise-sahelienne-quadrature-du-cercle-30-03-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"White Paper : La Crise Sah\u00e9lienne Quadrature du Cercle\u00a0?\u00a0 30\/03\/2021 - 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